Chicago vs. the cities it's competing with

The issues.

This election isn't about one mayor's personality. It's about whether Chicago is winning or losing — measured against the cities fighting for the same residents, jobs, and investment.

Every number below is sourced and dated. Peer cities are the large U.S. metros Chicago competes with for people and employers. Rankings use the most recent full-year data available as of September 2026.

A city doesn't decline because people stop caring about it. It declines when the fundamentals — safety, schools, taxes, growth — fall behind the competition, and families and employers quietly make other plans. Here's the math.

🛡️ Safer streets 🏠 Housing costs 📈 Jobs & growth 🏗️ Housing supply 🎓 Schools 💰 Budget & pensions 🏕️ Homelessness 🚇 CTA 🤝 Immigration 🏙️ Downtown 🧹 City services 💼 The exodus

01

🛡️ Safer streets

Crime is the #1 voter concern in every Chicago poll — 46% named it a top-two issue in April 2026. The question isn't whether Chicago has a crime problem. It's how far behind peer cities the starting line is.

MetricChicagoPeer cities
Homicides per 100k residents, 202417.47NYC 3.92 · LA 6.95 · Houston 13.80 · Philadelphia 16.91 (FBI)
Change in homicides, 2024 vs 2023−7.95%Detroit −23% · Baltimore −16% · Memphis −29% · DC −34% (Council on Criminal Justice)
Back below 2019 levels?No — still aboveNYC 2024 rate on par with 2013 (CCJ)
The costChicago is the outlier among America's three largest cities — about 4.5× New York's homicide rate and 2.5× LA's — and the only one still above its 2019 rate. Persistent violence at this scale is a direct tax on competitiveness: it suppresses property values, raises talent-recruitment costs, and anchors a national perception that outlives the trend data.

Sources: FBI Crime Data Explorer · Council on Criminal Justice

02

🏠 Housing costs & property taxes

In one 2026 poll, property taxes displaced even crime as voters' #1 concern. Chicagoans aren't just paying more — they're paying more than people in the cities Chicago is losing residents to.

MetricChicagoPeer cities
Effective property tax rate, median home (2024)1.48% — 11th of 53 large citiesHouston 1.35% · NYC 1.25% · LA 1.18% · Phoenix 0.87% · Atlanta 0.77% (Lincoln Institute)
Highest residential rate in the nationIllinoisChicago: highest commercial rate of any U.S. city (Cook County Treasurer, 2026)
Median Chicago homeowner bill, tax year 2024$4,457 — up 16.7%Largest % jump in 30+ years; falling Loop commercial values shifted the burden (Lawndale News)
Renters paying 30%+ of income (2024)46.8%NYC 49.0% · Dallas 47.4% · Phoenix 50.0% · Houston 54.3% — Chicago renters are less burdened than every peer (Census ACS)
The costChicago's housing-cost problem is a tax problem, not a rent problem. Its 1.48% effective rate roughly doubles Phoenix's or Atlanta's, and the median homeowner bill just jumped a record 16.7% — even though Chicago renters are less cost-burdened than renters in every peer city measured.

Sources: Lincoln Institute, 50-State Property Tax Comparison · Cook County Treasurer study · Census ACS 2024

03

📈 Jobs & economic growth

Chicago grew for a third straight year — about 5,300 new residents, back to ~99% of its 2020 population. The problem is the competition: Sun Belt peers are adding people and jobs several times faster, and employers notice.

MetricChicagoPeer cities
City population change, 2020–2025−0.4%Houston +4.3% · Atlanta +5.8% · Phoenix +3.6% · Dallas +2.0% · NYC −1.9% (Census Vintage 2025)
Metro population change, 2020–2025−0.5%Dallas–Fort Worth +9.4% · Houston +8.8% · Phoenix +6.6% · Atlanta +5.1% (Census)
Metro job growth, 2020–2025+9.4%DFW +18.1% · Phoenix +16.2% · Houston +15.6% · Atlanta +14.3% (BLS)
The costChicago is the only major metro besides New York to lose population outright since 2020 while Sun Belt peers added 5–9%, and its job growth trails every peer metro by 4–9 points. The city is adding people and jobs at roughly half the pace of its competitors — compounding every fiscal and housing problem it has. The names and numbers are in the exodus below.

Sources: Census Vintage 2025, city populations · Census Vintage 2025, metro populations · Bureau of Labor Statistics, metro employment

04

🏗️ Build more housing

The metro area is short roughly 225,000 homes. Chicago builds far fewer per capita than its competitors — then acts surprised when rents rise and young workers leave.

MetricChicagoPeer cities
Housing units permitted, 2020–202537,023 (Cook County)Maricopa (Phoenix) 230,891 · Harris (Houston) 206,392 · NYC boroughs 151,136 (Census BPS)
Permits per 1,000 residents7.1Fulton (Atlanta) 50.4 · Maricopa 49.2 · Harris 40.9 · NYC 17.6 (Census)
Shortage for extremely low-income renters224,445 units76% of the poorest metro renters are severely cost-burdened (NLIHC, The Gap 2025)
The costCook County permitted just 7 homes per 1,000 residents over six years — roughly one-sixth the pace of Atlanta's or Phoenix's counties and less than half of New York's. Supply can't relieve cost pressure, and the shortage hits hardest at the bottom of the market.

Sources: Census Building Permits Survey · NLIHC, The Gap 2025

05

🎓 Future-ready schools

Chicago spends about $30,000 per student — roughly 70% above the national average of $17,619. Math proficiency sits near 18%, reading near 31%, and enrollment has collapsed by tens of thousands. Money isn't the problem. Results are.

MetricChicago (CPS)Peer districts
Reading / math proficiency, grades 3–8 (2024)30.5% / 18.3%11th grade: 22.4% reading / 18.6% math (Illinois Report Card)
Chronically absent students40.1% (2025)24% pre-pandemic (2019) (Illinois Report Card)
Per-pupil spending, FY2024~$30,000National average $17,619 · up 43% since FY2019 as enrollment shrank (Census)
NAEP grade-8 reading, 2024255Large-city avg 252 · national 257 · 4th-grade reading 203 vs large-city 208 — the weak spot (NAEP TUDA)
The costChicago spends roughly $30,000 per student — among the highest levels in the nation — yet in 2024 only 18% were proficient in math and two in five were chronically absent. The system spends at a premium for results that leave most students behind, undermining the talent pipeline employers need.

Sources: Illinois Policy / Report Card analysis · Census school-system finances · NAEP TUDA 2024

06

💰 Fix the budget & pension debt

Chicago's pensions are among the worst-funded of any major American city — roughly 28 cents on the dollar against a national average near 82. Every budget fight, every tax hike, every service cut traces back to this hole.

MetricChicagoPeer cities
Unfunded pension liability~$35–36BFunded ratio 28.15% — "the lowest funded ratios for local pension plans in the country" (CTBA)
Taxpayer burden (same methodology)$42,600 — grade FNYC $61,700 (F) · Philadelphia $17,000 (D) · Houston $4,800 (C) (Truth in Accounting)
Moody's GO ratingBaa3 (stable)NYC Aa2 · LA Aa3 · Houston Aa2 · Philadelphia A1 — 5–6 notches above Chicago (Moody's)
S&P ratingBBB (negative outlook)NYC AA (stable) · Philadelphia A+ (stable) (S&P)
The costWith $35–36B in unfunded pension promises, the worst-funded local pension systems in the country, a $42,600-per-taxpayer burden earning an "F," and debt rated just above junk — 5–6 notches below peers — Chicago pays a premium to borrow while pension costs crowd out everything else the city wants to do.

Sources: Civic Federation · Truth in Accounting, Financial State of the Cities 2026 · S&P downgrade notice

07

🏕️ Homelessness & encampments

18% of Chicago voters named homelessness a top-two issue in April 2026 — ranking it ahead of transit, immigration, and education. Visible encampments shape how residents and visitors judge whether the city is functioning.

MetricChicagoPeer cities
Point-in-time count, Jan 202418,836 (68.6 per 10k)NYC 140,134 (159.2/10k) · SF 8,323 (95.2/10k) · Seattle/King Co. 16,868
One-year change vs 2023+215%13,679 of the 18,836 were new arrivals in emergency shelters (Chicago DFSS)
The costChicago's rate is lower than New York's or San Francisco's — but the 215% one-year spike, driven overwhelmingly by the new-arrivals surge, collapsed the distance and exposed how thin the city's shelter and affordable-housing buffer is. The visible crisis in and around the CTA and the Loop undercuts downtown's recovery narrative and makes the city look less governable to exactly the employers and residents weighing whether to stay.

Sources: Chicago DFSS 2024 PIT report · King County PIT count

08

🚇 A safer, cleaner CTA

Transit ridership still hasn't recovered — and safety, smoking enforcement, and cleanliness are why. A transit system people avoid is a tax on every worker who can't.

MetricChicago (CTA)Peer systems
Ridership recovery (% of 2019)~68% (309.2M vs 455.7M rides)NYC subway 70% · LA Metro ~88% · DC Metro 81% · national bus 86% (APTA)
Regional transit fiscal cliff~$730MRecovery concentrated in bus, not the rail that feeds downtown office towers
The costThe CTA trails every major peer system — and its recovery is concentrated in bus, not the rail that feeds downtown office towers. A transit system stuck at two-thirds of pre-pandemic ridership, facing a ~$730M regional fiscal cliff, makes the Loop's office recovery and the city's tourism pitch structurally harder to sell.

Sources: CTA ridership reports · APTA ridership policy brief · LA Metro

09

🤝 Immigration & migrant costs

Chicago spent $639.65 million on its New Arrivals mission (Aug 2022–Dec 2024) — 42% of it from the city's Corporate Fund, per the July 2026 inspector general audit. Voters keep asking what that money bought them.

MetricChicagoPeer cities
Total new-arrivals spending$639.65M (Aug 2022–Dec 2024, 46,282+ arrivals)NYC $8.89B (Jul 2022–Dec 2025; NYC Council)
Per resident~$233NYC ~$1,010 — about 4.3× Chicago's per-capita level
Paid from the Corporate Fund42% — $269.1MExcludes CPS education costs, estimated at $215–410M/yr extra (Wirepoints)
The costChicago spent less than New York in absolute terms — but from a far thinner fiscal base, with $269M drawn directly from the Corporate Fund during years of structural deficits. And the $640M understates the full burden since it excludes CPS education costs. For a city that routinely closes budget gaps with tax and fee increases, hundreds of millions committed to an unfunded federal immigration failure deepens the tax-burden narrative that drives residents and employers out.

Sources: Chicago OIG assessment, July 2026 · NYC Council asylum-seekers report

10

🏙️ Revive downtown & corridors

More than 1 in 4 Loop offices sits empty. Downtown's commercial tax base funds the services the whole city uses — when it erodes, residential property taxes fill the hole.

MetricChicagoPeer cities
CBD office vacancy, Q4 202527.0% (vs 13.8% pre-pandemic)SF 32.8% · Downtown LA 31.7% · Houston 20.2% · Manhattan 13.6% · U.S. 18.6% (Cresa)
Office-visit recovery vs Dec 2019−47.6% — worst of 11 major marketsSF −44.8% · NYC −19.6% · Dallas −18.8% · Miami −10.9% (Placer.ai)
The costDowntown vacancy has roughly doubled since 2019 and office foot traffic remains nearly half below pre-pandemic — the worst return-to-office recovery of any major market. That starves the Loop tax base: falling commercial values already shifted hundreds of millions in taxes onto homeowners in 2024, hollowing the economic engine that funds city services.

Sources: Cresa Chicago CBD report Q4 2025 · Placer.ai via Commercial Search

11

🧹 Basic city services that work

Trash pickup, potholes, snow removal, 311 response — the unglamorous stuff. In open-ended polling, "public services" was the #2 concern after safety. A city that can't do the basics can't credibly promise the big things.

MetricChicagoPeer cities
Orkin "rattiest cities," 2024#1 — 10th consecutive yearLA #2 · NYC #3 · Philadelphia #7 · Houston #25 (Orkin)
Dirtiest cities, 2025 (12.3M 311 complaints)13thNYC 17th · Baltimore #1 (HouseFresh)
Residents naming services/cleanliness top concern14% (9% services + 5% cleanliness)#2 concern after safety (NORC ChicagoSpeaks Q1 2026)
The costA decade as America's "rattiest city" and a top-15 dirtiest-city showing, while 1 in 7 residents cite basic services, potholes, and cleanliness as their top neighborhood concern. These are the visible, daily services that shape whether people stay — not just the budget that funds them.

Sources: Orkin rattiest cities · HouseFresh dirtiest cities · NORC ChicagoSpeaks Q1 2026

Stop shooting itself in the foot

The exodus: opportunities lost.

Companies don't leave in a vacuum. They leave when crime, taxes, and dysfunction make the math easy somewhere else. Since 2022, Chicago has watched headquarters walk out the door — and watched its neighbors close the deals Illinois couldn't.

BoeingCity HQ lost2022

Global HQ: 100 N. Riverside Plaza → Arlington, VA. ~400–500 employees. Stated reason: "proximity to our customers and stakeholders." The trophy HQ Chicago won from Seattle in 2001 — lost 21 years later.

CitadelCity HQ lost2022

Global HQ: 131 S. Dearborn (30+ years) → Miami. ~1,000 employees. Reasons cited: "Florida's business-friendly climate and tax advantages, and concerns about rising crime rates." Ken Griffin, April 2022: "If people aren't safe here, they're not going to live here. I've had multiple colleagues mugged at gunpoint."

Citadel SecuritiesCity HQ lost2022

HQ → Miami, same announcement. Doubled the financial-sector blow — hedge fund and one of the world's largest market makers, undercutting Chicago's trading-capital claim.

CaterpillarSuburban HQ lost2022

Global HQ: Deerfield → Irving, TX. ~230 employees. "In the best strategic interest of the company" — notably with no Texas incentives. A 97-year Illinois institution, gone.

Tyson FoodsCity + suburban offices lost2022

West Loop + Downers Grove → Springdale, AR. ~500 Illinois office workers; 228 later laid off. "Bringing our talented corporate team together under one roof." The sixth major company to exit Illinois in 2022 alone.

TennecoSuburban HQ lost2022

HQ: Lake Forest → metro Detroit. Several hundred employees. Reason: proximity to auto customers. An $18B supplier choosing Detroit over the Chicago suburbs.

DiscoverSuburban HQ lost2025

HQ: Riverwoods → McLean, VA via Capital One's $35.3B acquisition. 1,748 Illinois positions eliminated per WARN filings. The biggest post-2022 departure — the exodus didn't stop with 2022's headlines.

LKQ CorporationCity HQ lost2024

Global HQ: 500 W. Madison St → Antioch, TN. 600+ employees per local reports; the company's own SEC filings confirm the corporate HQ moved during 2024. An auto-parts Fortune 500 that quietly finished what its 2022 divisional move started.

FTX USCity HQ lost2022

US HQ → Miami, four months after the mayor attended its Chicago ribbon-cutting. Then Chapter 11. Civic-due-diligence shorthand.

Amazon HQ2Chose elsewhere2018

Chicago made the final 20 of 238 bids — then lost to Arlington, VA and Queens: 50,000 jobs, $5B investment. Even a ~$2B incentive package couldn't overcome what Amazon actually weighted.

Chicago BearsUndecided ❓Ongoing

No deal is done. Hammond, Indiana is the team's stated "sole focus" (board-approved; Indiana created a stadium authority in weeks). Arlington Heights stays in play — Goodell kept the door open in September, and the team is quietly talking to Illinois leadership. Stakes: $5B+ investment, 56,500 construction jobs (Bears-commissioned). The blocker is Springfield: two stadium bills died in the 2026 session while Indiana moved.

PsiQuantumChicago won2024

Chose Chicago for the Illinois Quantum & Microelectronics Park at South Works — America's first utility-scale quantum computer. 150+ jobs, $500M state commitment. Won on ecosystem (national labs + research universities), not incentives — exactly what crime, taxes, and dysfunction erode.

Sources: Boeing/AP · Citadel/Reuters · Caterpillar · Tyson/AP · Capital One/Discover · LKQ 2024 10-K · Amazon HQ2/AP · PsiQuantum

What the numbers say

  1. Chicago is losing the competition. The only major metro besides New York to shrink since 2020. Job growth trails every Sun Belt peer by 4–9 points. Office foot-traffic recovery is the worst of 11 major markets.
  2. The tax burden is the differentiator. Highest residential property-tax rate in the nation, highest commercial rate of any U.S. city, a record 16.7% median-bill jump — while Chicago renters are actually less cost-burdened than in peer cities. It's the taxes.
  3. Premium spending, discount results. ~$30,000 per CPS student with 18% math proficiency. Pensions 28% funded against an 82% national average. Debt rated just above junk, 5–6 notches below peers.
  4. The violent-crime outlier. A homicide rate ~4.5× New York's and ~2.5× LA's — the only one of America's three largest cities still above its 2019 rate.

Read the issues. Then vote.

February 23, 2027 — with a runoff April 6 if nobody cracks 50%.

How to vote →